To optimize costs, consider sourcing concentrated formulas or refill pouches rather than pre-filled bottles to significantly reduce shipping volume and weight. For finished goods, the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) should include the cost of the liquid, the bottle, the trigger, and the labeling. Bulk discounts typically apply at MOQs of 5,000 to 10,000 units, where you can negotiate price reductions of 10-20%. Utilizing Made-in-China.com allows you to compare factory-direct prices and verify the supplier's production capacity.